Pulp and paper (including paper products) industries

Industries / examples: Pulp mills, paper and board mills, paper-product converting.

Principal hazards & agents

Chlorine / chlorine dioxide and sulphur compounds (bleaching, kraft process - H2S, methyl mercaptan)
Strong alkalis and acids
Heat, steam and high noise
Wood/paper dust

Health effects

Chlorine/ClO2 respiratory irritation and pulmonary oedema, H2S poisoning, chemical burns, scalds, hearing loss, dermatitis.

Engineering controls

Closed bleaching systems with chlorine/ClO2 gas detection and scrubbers; enclosed digesters with H2S monitoring and confined-space permits; chemical containment/bunding; steam insulation; noise control.

PPE

Acid-gas / chlorine cartridge or air-fed respirators
Chemical splash suits, aprons and gloves
Face shields/goggles
Hearing protection
Safety boots

Statutory vs annotation: only the entry name and its sub-items are First-Schedule text. The hazard, health-effect, control and PPE notes are occupational-hygiene context, not statutory text. First Schedule, the Factories Act, 1948 [See section 2(cb)] — "List of Industries involving hazardous processes" (29 entries). Section 2(cb) defines "hazardous process". Verbatim list confirmed against the official Factory Inspectorate (Government of Puducherry, Labour Department) publication of the Factories Act, 1948 (py.gov.in/sites/default/files/labourfactory.pdf) and cross-checked with the bare-act text at AdvocateKhoj (advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/factories/schedule1.php). The Schedule may be amended/added to by the State Government under section 2(cb) read with section 41A.

Reference information for occupational-health professionals — not medical advice, and not a substitute for examination by a qualified physician.

Other hazardous processes

All 29 hazardous processes — First Schedule

MedFactory — Occupational Health Centre software for Indian factories