Fertilizer Industries (Nitrogenous; Phosphatic; Mixed)

Industries / examples: Urea/ammonia plants, phosphatic (SSP/DAP) plants, NPK/mixed fertilizer units.

Principal hazards & agents

Ammonia gas
Nitric/sulphuric/phosphoric acids and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
Fluorine/SiF4 (phosphatic)
Dust; high-pressure/high-temperature processes; explosion (ammonium nitrate)

Health effects

Ammonia/NOx respiratory injury and pulmonary oedema, acid burns, fluorosis, chronic bronchitis; blast injury risk from AN.

Engineering controls

Closed reactors and pipelines, ammonia and toxic-gas detection with automatic isolation; scrubbers for NOx/fluoride; acid bunding and emergency showers; pressure relief and segregation/quantity control of ammonium nitrate.

PPE

Ammonia/acid-gas respirators or escape sets and SCBA for response
Full chemical splash suits and gloves
Goggles/face shields
Acid-resistant boots
Personal gas alarms

Statutory vs annotation: only the entry name and its sub-items are First-Schedule text. The hazard, health-effect, control and PPE notes are occupational-hygiene context, not statutory text. First Schedule, the Factories Act, 1948 [See section 2(cb)] — "List of Industries involving hazardous processes" (29 entries). Section 2(cb) defines "hazardous process". Verbatim list confirmed against the official Factory Inspectorate (Government of Puducherry, Labour Department) publication of the Factories Act, 1948 (py.gov.in/sites/default/files/labourfactory.pdf) and cross-checked with the bare-act text at AdvocateKhoj (advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/factories/schedule1.php). The Schedule may be amended/added to by the State Government under section 2(cb) read with section 41A.

Reference information for occupational-health professionals — not medical advice, and not a substitute for examination by a qualified physician.

Other hazardous processes

All 29 hazardous processes — First Schedule

MedFactory — Occupational Health Centre software for Indian factories