Ferrous Metallurgical Industries (Integrated Iron and Steel; Ferro Alloys; Special Steels)

Industries / examples: Integrated steel plants, ferro-alloy smelters, special/alloy steel works.

Principal hazards & agents

Molten metal and radiant/convective heat
Iron oxide & metal fume (welding/casting)
Silica and refractory dust
Carbon monoxide from blast furnaces/coke gas
Manganese, chromium, nickel fume from ferro-alloys/special steels
Noise and infrared radiation

Health effects

Heat stress/heat stroke, metal-fume fever, siderosis and pneumoconiosis, manganism (CNS), CO poisoning/asphyxia, noise-induced hearing loss, cataract and skin burns.

Engineering controls

Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) and fume hoods over furnaces/casting bays; general dilution ventilation and roof extraction; heat shielding, water-cooled screens, spot cooling and acclimatisation/work-rest regimes; CO monitoring and gas detection; enclosure/automation of tapping and ladle handling; noise enclosures.

PPE

Aluminised/heat-reflective aprons and gauntlets
Infrared/shade goggles or face shields
FFP3 / supplied-air respirators for fume
Hearing protection
Safety boots with metatarsal guards
Flame-resistant clothing

Statutory vs annotation: only the entry name and its sub-items are First-Schedule text. The hazard, health-effect, control and PPE notes are occupational-hygiene context, not statutory text. First Schedule, the Factories Act, 1948 [See section 2(cb)] — "List of Industries involving hazardous processes" (29 entries). Section 2(cb) defines "hazardous process". Verbatim list confirmed against the official Factory Inspectorate (Government of Puducherry, Labour Department) publication of the Factories Act, 1948 (py.gov.in/sites/default/files/labourfactory.pdf) and cross-checked with the bare-act text at AdvocateKhoj (advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/factories/schedule1.php). The Schedule may be amended/added to by the State Government under section 2(cb) read with section 41A.

Reference information for occupational-health professionals — not medical advice, and not a substitute for examination by a qualified physician.

Other hazardous processes

All 29 hazardous processes — First Schedule

MedFactory — Occupational Health Centre software for Indian factories