Petroleum Industries (Oil Refining; Lubricating Oils and Greases)

Industries / examples: Crude-oil refineries, lube-oil/grease blending plants.

Principal hazards & agents

Hydrocarbon vapours and benzene
Hydrogen sulphide (sour crude)
Fire and explosion (flammable liquids/gases)
Heat, high pressure; PAH/mineral-oil mists
Catalysts/acids and asbestos (legacy)

Health effects

Benzene-induced leukaemia/aplastic anaemia, H2S poisoning, narcosis, burns, skin cancer/dermatitis from mineral oils, chemical pneumonitis.

Engineering controls

Closed processing with leak detection (LDAR), H2S and flammable-gas detection, flare/vapour-recovery systems; benzene exposure monitoring; hot-work permits and inerting; intrinsically safe equipment; emergency depressurisation.

PPE

Organic-vapour / H2S respirators and escape SCBA
Flame-retardant (FR) anti-static coveralls
Chemical gloves
Eye/face protection
Personal H2S and LEL monitors
Safety boots

Statutory vs annotation: only the entry name and its sub-items are First-Schedule text. The hazard, health-effect, control and PPE notes are occupational-hygiene context, not statutory text. First Schedule, the Factories Act, 1948 [See section 2(cb)] — "List of Industries involving hazardous processes" (29 entries). Section 2(cb) defines "hazardous process". Verbatim list confirmed against the official Factory Inspectorate (Government of Puducherry, Labour Department) publication of the Factories Act, 1948 (py.gov.in/sites/default/files/labourfactory.pdf) and cross-checked with the bare-act text at AdvocateKhoj (advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/factories/schedule1.php). The Schedule may be amended/added to by the State Government under section 2(cb) read with section 41A.

Reference information for occupational-health professionals — not medical advice, and not a substitute for examination by a qualified physician.

Other hazardous processes

All 29 hazardous processes — First Schedule

MedFactory — Occupational Health Centre software for Indian factories