Hazardous process
Dyes and Dyestuff including their intermediates
A hazardous process listed in the First Schedule to the Factories Act 1948 (s.2(cb)).
Typical industries: Synthetic dye and dye-intermediate (aromatic amine) manufacture.
Principal hazards
- Aromatic amines (benzidine, beta-naphthylamine and analogues - bladder carcinogens)
- Nitro/azo intermediates
- Acids, oxidisers, solvents and dust; sensitising dyes
Health effects
Bladder cancer (aromatic amines), occupational asthma and dermatitis from reactive/azo dyes, methaemoglobinaemia (nitro/aniline compounds), chemical burns.
Key engineering controls
Substitution/prohibition of banned carcinogenic amines; closed reaction and drying with containment and LEV; dust capture at weighing/blending; exposure monitoring and urinary surveillance; spill containment.
PPE
- Respirators (FFP3 to air-fed) for dust/vapour
- Chemical gloves, coveralls and aprons
- Goggles/face shields
- Decontamination facilities
- Safety footwear
Statutory vs annotation: only the industry name is First-Schedule statutory text. The hazards, health effects, controls and PPE are standard occupational-hygiene practice, not statutory text.
This page is a statutory / occupational-health reference for factory Occupational Health Centres. It is not medical or legal advice. Verify against the current bare Act, Rules and your State amendments before acting.
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